Truth Beauty in American Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1367 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: American Life Essay Did you like this example? Truth Beauty in American Society In the today’s society, Americans, especially women, are eager to be slimmer because thin defines the American standard of beauty. For example, advertisements, called Lipo-6, are used to promote the use of diet pills that burn body fat. Naomi Wolfs Beauty Myth explains about how women are obsessed about their appearance and are dying to look better. â€Å"[C]ontemporary standards of feminine beauty have devolved to a point that can only be described as anorexic, and America’s young women are paying the price through a near-epidemic of bulimia and anorexia† (Wolf 486). Women are struggling to fix themselves, in order to meet the western beauty standards, even though it may lead to eating disorders or health problems. Lipo-6 diet pills help rapid weight loss up to fifty pounds or more. The women in the advertisement say that they got their confidence back by losing weight. Being and feeling slimmer and sexier is now a nec essity in American society. â€Å"[T]hirty-three thousand American women told researchers that they would rather lose ten to fifteen pounds than achieve any other goal† (Wolf 486). This advertisement lures American consumers to be obsessed about their appearance by showing lucid visuals and scientific approvals. In the advertisement, an advertiser represents cultural mythology of the endless desire for American consumers to be slimmer and prettier. Laurence Shames’ article, The More Factor is about how there is no limit to American desire. â€Å"[H]ow the great American hunger for more – more toys, more land, more opportunities – is an essential part of our history and character, stemming from the frontier era when the horizon alone seemed the only limit to American desire† (Shames 76). The role models that women are looking up to are mostly thinner and slimmer than the average women. Women who are perfectly fit and beautiful still want to be slimmer and prettier. There is no end to their satisfaction, which is how Shames describes American cultural mythology. This endless Americans desire of a slimmer body has led to the creation of better diet pills that help Americans lose weight faster and easier rather than choosing to exercise and make healthy choices. In the advertisement, it emphasizes three advantages of speed, strength, and gender specific benefits for its product, Lipo-6. Using red bold texts on grey background in the advertisement radiates the texts stand out more visually to catch consumers’ attention. According to the advertisement, the diet pills guarantee healthy weight loss and rapid weight loss. Rapid is the best way to get the peoples attention. Rapid weight loss and healthy weight loss seem too good to be true. In the advertisement, Melissa Winslow, who obtained the desired results by taking the diet pills, stated that she could never find the time to exercise regularly and her eating habit s were horrible. However, she was able to lose fifty eight pounds within a short period of time by taking these diet pills. This story makes American consumers think that they are also able to be slimmer without exercises. At least, it lures them try the diet pills. By reading bold texts in the advertisement, American consumers easily get tempted to the disillusionment of a slim body after taking the diet pills. Creating confidences in the product has also played a very large role in this diet pill advertisement by representing an award of excellence and saying that it is a rated the number one product for fat loss. The company for the diet pills was awarded Fat Loss Product of the Year 2005 2006 from Bodybuilding. com. By quoting the award, the advertisement builds confidence in its product. It helps American consumers to clear their fear of taking diet pills and to understand that diet pills are â€Å"safe†. In the advertisement, advertisers use the biggest fonts tha t cover an entire page of an advertisement in order to highlight their confidence. A golden emblem of an award also gives American consumers a great confidence of its product. Moreover, the advertisers put texts with using highlighted red text color and white font at the top of the advertisement page. By using contrast colors, red and white, the texts that describe the advantages of the diet pills stand out though their font sizes are not as big as other texts. Throughout the advertisement, advertisers put many lucid texts using different ideas such as contrast font colors and different font sizes to captivate American consumers effectively. By emphasizing the texts, they deliver confidence to American consumers more than words. In addition, an advertisement emphasizes the look of the women after they have lost their weight. In the advertisement, advertisers assume the look of American women consumers on â€Å"before† picture to touch their emotions about their appearan ce and the endless desire of being slimmer and prettier. Then, they show a great appearance change after taking diet pills and remind American consumers of the Cinderella story, magical change in a short time. The models in the advertisement not only lost weight but got a total make-over from head to toe. The â€Å"before† pictures look ugly and grungy, but the â€Å"after† pictures are totally different. Having beautiful hair, make-up and clothes have nothing to do with this diet pills but by making the women look beautiful in the after pictures is a great way to manipulate consumers. Obviously, advertisers do not put chubby models for the after pictures because consumer might misunderstand that the diet pills do not help lose weight. Body language is also used strongly as said in the â€Å"Master of Desire. â€Å"Advertisers have been quick to exploit the status signals that belong to body language as well† (Solomon 412). The models are standing tall, show ing off their bodies and smiling with confidence. This shows how the advertisement makes people think that losing weight makes a person more pretty and happy. A woman quotes, â€Å"I lost 58 pounds and love my new look. † By losing weight it seems like the woman has reached the peak of happiness and desire. Moreover, it makes and satisfies them to feel succeeded in American society. These diet pills are advertised as a perfect package of a total makeover. Jack Solomon says in the Master of Desire that American advertisements manipulate the people instead of persuading them. â€Å"American advertisers use [signs] to manipulate us into buying their wares. ‘Manipulate’ is the word here, not ‘persuade’† (Solomon 410). By telling the people how safe and easy these diet pills are, this advertisement controls the minds of those who are longing for a rapid and easy weight loss solution. Being able to lose weight by taking few pills a day for two months seem like delightful news. American consumers easily fall for these kinds of â€Å"too good to be true† advertisements, especially when they are desperate to lose weight and look better. Today, weight issues apply to both women and men throughout all ages so the target audience is just about everyone. Therefore, according to the advertisement, everybody can become beautiful and slim within a month without having to suffer or stress about losing weight, satisfying the endless desire of American consumers. On the other hand, â€Å"the beauty myth is always actually prescribing behavior and not appearance† (Wolf 489). Before American consumers consider how they look, they first have to think how they behave or treat others because that is the truth beauty in American society. Work Cited Shames, Laurence. â€Å"The More Factor. † The Hunger for More. New York: Times Books, 1989. Rpt. in Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. 5t h ed. Ed. Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006. 76-82. Solomon, Jack. Masters of Desire: The Culture of American Advertising. † The Signs of Our Time. Los Angeles: J. P. Tarcher, 1988. Rpt. in Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. 5th ed. Ed. Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006. 409-419. Other Reference Wolf, Naomi. â€Å"The Beauty Myth. † The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: HaperCollins, 1991. Rpt. in Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. 5th ed. Ed. Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006. 486-494 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Truth Beauty in American Society" essay for you Create order

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1334 Words

Shanieqka Manuel Professor Rockette-Rogers English 1102 23 July 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal? In Gwendolyn Brooks’ poem â€Å"the Mother† the entire theme was based on abortion. A mother was not emotionally or mentally ready to have children, so she did what needed to be done; she aborted. This poem was written in 1945 and still today’s society still has objections on pro-choice. On January 22, 1973 the US Supreme Court ruled that abortion is a fundamental right that was guaranteed by the US Constitution. In short terms the ruling stated that a woman, with her doctor, could have the option to end her pregnancy. This ruling made abortion legal in the United States which seemed to be a relief for some and others a restraint. Abortion has been a controversial issue in the United States for years. There are one of two sides that can be chosen in this debate; pro-life or pro-choice. Those who believe in pro-life consider abortion as intentionally murdering a human being. In contrast to the advocates, you have the opponents, who believe abortion is not the same as murder that it is here to help not hinder a woman. Having an abortion is a huge decision to be made. The word abortion itself means to remove the fetus from the uterus before it is able to survive on its own. The question that still stirs up an audience still remains â€Å"should abortion be legal?† My younger sister became pregnant at the tender age of fourteen. After being faced with abortion as an option she was conflictedShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation , abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has lif e; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abor tion if there are other choices forRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number of

Health and Social Care Diagnosis and Treatment Statistics

Question: Presently, the problem of breast cancer among is on the rise. The research will mainly study the effectiveness of the breast cancer screening test to diagnose breast cancer among the women in the United Kingdom. The main research question that would be considered by the researcher is: Are the present tests effective to diagnose threats cancer of women aged between fifty to seventy years of age in the United Kingdom? To carry out the research, the researcher will mainly concentrate on the target population of women who are within the age group of fifty to seventy years of age. Answer: Introduction The issues of cancer are suddenly increased in the society (Ferlay et al. 2013). The change in the climate, the rise in the global warming and the intake of adulterated food has contributed towards the rise of cancer. At times, some of patients lose their life due to the delay in detection of the disease (Lee et al. 2013). Thus, a proper and effective screening is required to save the life of the women. The research will be carried out to measure the fruitfulness of the screening test in determining the cancer at an early stage. The research is necessary to prevent the growth of cancer and help the individuals to lead a better life. Background and rationale of the study As per the data in the year 2013, there have been 53, 696 invasive cases of breast cancer in the United Kingdom (Cancer Research UK 2015). Eleven Thousand, Seven Hundred and Sixteen numbers of deaths have happened in the country in the year, 2011. It has been seen that 78% of the women who have been affected with breast cancer have survived for ten or more years. The data for survival was for the year 2010-2011 and accounted for England and Wales. It has been seen 27% of the cases of breast cancer have been prevented in the United Kingdom. However, to prevent breast cancer and reduce the numbers of death due to breast cancer, a proper screening of the breast cancer is necessary. Two-week wait is the common route to diagnose breast cancer among women (Cancer Research UK 2015). Fifty-one percent of the female with breast cancer have been diagnosed with the disease within the two weeks waiting time. Thirty-one percent of the cases of breast cancer have been detected with the help of the screening. Figure 1: the graph showing the percentage of cases against the route to detect breast cancer (Source: Cancer Research UK 2015) It can be seen from the graph that most of the cases have been diagnosed through the two-week wait. Diagnosis should be done in the proper manner and the person who is carrying out the diagnosis should not be biased regarding the presence of the disease. In an article, Over diagnosis in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review, the authors found that negative effects of over diagnosis. The authors did the research by dividing the type and presence of adjustment for the risks of breast cancer (Pulit et al. 2012). The classifications are based on model, data and covariates used. The other main classification is based on lead-time. The lead-time is being classified is based on compensatory drop and the statistical adjustment. It has been found that around 1% to 10% of cases of over diagnosis have been found (Pulit et al. 2012). The main reasons of the over diagnosis are the lack of adjustment of lead-time and the breast cancer risks. At times, over diagnosis can be harmful as it can cause other problems in the body. The advantages and disadvantages of breast cancer screening was discussed in the article, The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review. The women who are within the age if fifty to seventy years were invited for screening every three years. A full report was published after the completion of three years, which showed a metal-analysis of eleven randomized trials. The relative risk of the death due to breast cancer was 0.80. The result showed a fall in the risk of breast cancer by 20% (Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening 2012). The authors carried out further research works and interpreted the actual figures based on the percentages. It has been found that for every 10,000 women who are aged 50 years are invited for the test for the coming 20 years. Out of the 129 cases, 43 deaths were prevented due to the screening. One breast cancer was prevented out of three cases of over diagnosis of breast cancer. However, it was seen that the women supporte d the screening of breast cancer as it helped them to prevent the disease. Aim and objective of the study The main aim of the project is to find out whether the tests are successful in diagnosing the presence of breast cancer among the women who are aged between fifty to seventy years. The objectives of the project are: To study the effectiveness of the tests, this is the initial stage to help eradicate cancer from the society To study the growth of breast cancer among the women within the age group of fifty to seventy years To study the variation in the mortality rate among women due to the effectiveness of screening test Literature search strategy The literature will be searched online mainly. The online library will be helpful for the researcher as it has the list of articles, books and other academic sources (Cohen, Manion and Morrison 2013). The past researchers works by the previous authors will be helpful to reach the desired result. In addition to this, the online statistics that showed the prevalence of the disease will help the researcher to keep a track on the changing trends of the disease in the country. The main keywords that will be used while searching are breast cancer, breast cancer in the United Kingdom, screening of breast cancer, breast cancer in women between fifty-seventy. The prevalence of the disease in other countries will be excluded from the search. The prevalence of the disease among other age-groups will be taken into consideration within the United Kingdom. Ethics and anti-oppressive practice consideration The researcher will do the research with the sole purpose of helping the patients who are suffering from breast cancer. The effectiveness of the screening will help in determining the presence of tumor in the breast (Faden et al. 2013). However, the researcher will take into consideration the environment where the primary data will be collected. The participants are patients of breast cancer and the degree of illness cannot by judged by the researcher. Hence, a constant medical help will be present when the researcher will be carrying out the interview. The researcher will not reveal the names of the participants if they do not wish to be mentioned (Zikmund et al. 2013). Many of the participants might not want to share their experience regarding the disease, the researcher will not force any of the participants to take part in the research. If the researcher needs to publish any of the information of the participants, then the researcher will take the permission from the participant before publishing the research (Zikmund et al. 2013). As far as the secondary data is concerned, the researcher will not hack any website or use any unethical methods to retrieve any data that are available online (Faden et al. 2013). The researcher will pay for the papers if the website asks the researcher to pay for them. The researcher will use up-to-date data in the research work (Silverman 2013). Project Outline The project will be divided into four chapters. The first chapter consists of the introduction, the background on which the research will based, the project outline and the ethical consideration. The first chapter acts as the proposal of the research as it gives an overview of the main factors that will be evaluated in the project (Creswell 2013). The chapter two will be the literature review and evaluate the main objectives of the topic. Chapter 3 will evaluate the theories and apply them on the research, the fourth chapter is the conclusion chapter where the results will be evaluate and the reflection of the researcher about the project. After the conclusion, the reflection of the researcher will be given. The reflection will contain the topics the author had learned in the course (Fowler 2013). In addition to this, the author will speak about the way the research was helpful for the author (Ritchie et al. 2013). Project Timeline Main activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th+5th week 6th week 7th week Selection of the topic and frame the research question, aim and objective Literature review and study of existing theories Framing the methodology of the research Interview of the target population (primary data) Analysis of the quantitative data and qualitative data and interpretation Findings Drawing the conclusion Doing the final work and submit the project References Cancer Research UK. (2015). Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer/diagnosis-and-treatment#heading-Zero [Accessed 22 Jun. 2016]. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2013.Research methods in education. Routledge. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Faden, R.R., Kass, N.E., Goodman, S.N., Pronovost, P., Tunis, S. and Beauchamp, T.L., 2013. An ethics framework for a learning health care system: a departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics.Hastings Center Report,43(s1), pp.S16-S27. Ferlay, J., Steliarova-Foucher, E., Lortet-Tieulent, J., Rosso, S., Coebergh, J.W.W., Comber, H., Forman, D. and Bray, F., 2013. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012.European journal of cancer,49(6), pp.1374-1403. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening, 2012. The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review.The Lancet,380(9855), pp.1778-1786. Lee, S.J., Boscardin, W.J., Stijacic-Cenzer, I., Conell-Price, J., OBrien, S. and Walter, L.C., 2013. Time lag to benefit after screening for breast and colorectal cancer: meta-analysis of survival data from the United States, Sweden, United Kingdom, and Denmark.Bmj,346, p.e8441. Puliti, D., Duffy, S.W., Miccinesi, G., De Koning, H., Lynge, E., Zappa, M. and Paci, E., 2012. Overdiagnosis in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review.Journal of medical screening,19(suppl 1), pp.42-56. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C.M. and Ormston, R. eds., 2013.Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Silverman, D., 2013.Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Pieces Of The Puzzle The Island As A Macrocosm Of Man Essays

Pieces of the Puzzle: the Island as a Macrocosm of Man Subject: English - Golding: Lord of the Flies Pieces of the Puzzle: the Island as a Macrocosm of Man In viewing the various aspects of the island society in Golding's Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society, a converse perspective must also be considered. Golding's island of marooned youngsters then becomes a macrocosm, wherein the island represents the individual human and the various characters and symbols the elements of the human psyche. As such, Golding's world of children's morals and actions then becomes a survey of the human condition, both individually and collectively. Almost textbook in their portrayal, the primary characters of Jack, Ralph and Piggy are then best interpreted as Freud's very concepts of id, ego and superego, respectively. As the id of the island, Jack's actions are the most blatantly driven by animalistically rapacious gratification needs. In discovering the thrill of the hunt, his pleasure drive is emphasized, purported by Freud to be the basic human need to be gratified. In much the same way, Golding's portrayal of a hunt as a rape, with the boys ravenously jumping atop the pig and brutalizing it, alludes to Freud's basis of the pleasure drive in the libido, the term serving a double Lntendre in its psychodynamic and physically sensual sense. Jack's unwillingness to acknowledge the conch as the source of centrality on the island and Ralph as the seat of power is consistent with the portrayal of his particular self-importance. Freud also linked the id to what he called the destructive drive, the aggressiveness of self-ruin. Jack's antithetical lack of compassion for nature, for others, and ultimately for himself is thoroughly evidenced in his needless hunting, his role in the brutal murders of Simon and Piggy, and finally in his burning of the entire island, even at the cost of his own life. In much the same way, Piggy's demeanor and very character links him to the superego, the conscience factor in Freud's model of the psyche. Golding marks Piggy with the distinction of being more intellectually mature than the others, branding him with a connection to a higher authority: the outside world. It is because the superego is dependent on outside support that Piggy fares the worst out of the three major characters in the isolation of the island. Piggy is described as being more socially compatible with adults, and carries himself with a sense of rationale and purpose that often serves as Ralph's moral compass in crisis; although Ralph initially uses the conch to call the others, it is Piggy who possesses the knowledge to blow it as a signal despite his inability to do so. Similarly, Piggy's glasses are the only artifact of outside technology on the island, further indication of his correlation to greater moral forces. In an almost gothic vein, these same glasses are the only source of fire on the island, not only necessary for the boys' rescue, but responsible for their ultimate destruction. Thus does fire, and likewise Piggy's glasses, become a source of power. Piggy's ideals are those most in conflict with Jack's overwhelming hunger for power and satiation. It is in between these representations of chaos and order that Ralph falls. Golding's depiction of Ralph as leader is analogous to Freud's placement of the ego at the center of the psyche. Ralph performs as the island's ego as he must offset the raw desires of the id with the environment using the superego as a balancing tool. This definition is consistent with Ralph's actions, patronizing Jack's wish to hunt with their collective need to be rescued, often turning to Piggy for advice. Initially, in the relative harmony of the island society's early emergence, Ralph is able to balance the opposing id and superego influences in order to forge a purpose: rescue. It is only as the balance devolves that the fate of the island's inhabitants is darkly determined. Among Ralph, Piggy and Jack exists a constant struggle to assert their particular visions over the island. As the authority of leadership by default falls to Ralph, the conch then becomes symbolic of the consciousness. Its possession rotates between Ralph and Piggy in order to determine logical courses of action for the boys. Jack however, constantly eschews the authority of the conch, consistent with Freud's model with the id by definition remaining subconscious, but fully able to exert influence over decision-making. Conversely, the masks and face-paints that Jack's group of hunters come to wear are very suggestive of Freud's image of the subconscious. The hidden and secretive