Mistakes and Misunderstandings

‘Mistakes and misunderstandings are painful when they occur. † nevertheless as life goes on, these occurrences turn into experience that add value to relationships and life. When asked to define what a mistake really is, one would say it is an act of misdoing or perhaps even an error of judgement. However, as the word itself suggests, such misdoings are unintentional and the doer cannot be fully blamed for his/ her inaccurate action. on the other hand, a misunderstanding maybe elucidated as an unfortunate situation where someone or something is failed to be understood correctly. Whatever said and done, it is evident that mistakes if not neutralised and misunderstandings, if not sorted out may lead to serious repercussions. A small blunder or minute misunderstanding stands a great chance of leading to immediate heartbreaks and absolute breakdown of other relationships. In the worst- case scenario, it could lead to someone's incarceration or demise. However, if neutralised or sorted out, mistakes and misunderstandings can give rise to many advantageous effects. A sorted out misunderstanding increases the bond between two people, further securing the relationship and thus adding value to it. Mistakes committed are an added experience in one's life. They further help show the right pathway to success which in the end is what really matters. Even though mistakes and misunderstandings can backfire drastically causing crucial consequences, in my opinion, they are important happenings as in the end they make a huge difference in one's life once neutralised or sorted out.

English 30

In Hamlet, William Shakespeare suggests that individuals may struggle to restore honour and certainty because of procrastination and deception. Honour and certainty are both qualities an individual may desire having. To be honoured by one’s name, or to be certain that through life they’ve made the right decisions. Honour is a clear sense of what is right and proper while maintaining great respect; certainty is freedom from doubt. In a sense these two traits are connected; with honour comes certainty, and with certainty comes honour. People want to be certain that what they are doing is right and will be satisfying in the end.With certainty in actions comes pride and honour with the results. Although before the pride and honour come into play, the right decision must be made and making this decision is a struggle for most individuals. Deceiving and conniving may seem simpler than being honest and working hard. There may seem like many quick and easy ways to do things at the last minute but they aren’t honorable. In Hamlet, William Shakespeare suggests that individuals struggle to restore honour and certainty because of procrastination and deception. Throughout the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare presents many soliloquies.The character Hamlet for example has a few soliloquies in which he contemplates whether to take vengeance on his uncle or not. Shakespeare is constantly calling attention to Hamlet’s worries and delays. He repeatedly raises the issue of delay in decision making. Even though as the reader, an individual may think it is something he/she imposes on the play, but the play raises the issue itself. In Hamlet’s first soliloquy, Shakespeare shows the first true insight into Hamlet’s contemplative nature and his suppression of the passionate feelings towards Gertrude and Claudius.Hamlet agonizes over his hopelessness in carrying out the deed to avenge his father and is always searching for reasons why he is acti ng the way he is. No matter how much he justifies the matter, he is in the grip of something that he cannot fully understand. This is relatable to most individuals as a person may struggle in being decisive because they do not fully understand their circumstances. Shakespeare suggests through Hamlet’s soliloquies that procrastination and indecisive thinking result in a struggle for restoring an individual’s honour and certainty.Shakespeare included a large group of deceitful characters in his play Hamlet. Shakespeare shows  Hamlet and Claudius being the most deceiving of all. Throughout the play Shakespeare has Hamlet in several different positions where he is deceiving the people around him. Hamlet is portrayed as completely mad and estranged to hide that he was really plotting against Claudius. As well Shakespeare brings in Hamlet’s play â€Å"The Mouse Trap† not for entertainment purposes but to victimize Claudius and reveal his guilt.The whole idea behind the acts of deception was for the character to gain what he/she desired most. Shakespeare made it clear that fooling the people around oneself is a good way to get what he/she wants but can result unfavourably. Hamlet fooled his mother, father, and even his friends to get the truth behind his father’s death and seek the appropriate revenge but in the end he hurt more people than he planned to. Shakespeare shows that because of deception and untruthfulness an individual may take matters further than necessary in order to restore certainty and honour.Another character Shakespeare included who was very good at hiding her reality was Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother. Not only was she deceiving Hamlet but she was fooling herself. Shakespeare made Gertrude appear as unconcerned and uncommitted to the deceased King Hamlet. She hardly grieved his death, she marries Claudius promptly, and she even has a sexual and somewhat incestuous relationship with Claudius. The lack of conc ern Shakespeare has Gertrude impose was perhaps used as a way to reveal how some individuals hide from reality.Shakespeare has Hamlet understand Gertrude’s attitude possibly to show how people might deceive themselves to run away from their guilt and dirty consciences. Gertrude is completely oblivious to the fact that what she has done is wrong and this goes to show how individuals shy away from the truth to remain with feelings of comfort and security. Shakespeare suggests that while an individual may feel comfortable with what their circumstances appear to be, there is no real honour and certainty that comes with hiding the reality.Shakespeare introduces a few psychological obstacles that relate to Hamlet’s indecisive tendencies. Shakespeare has Hamlet become a prisoner of his own mind, a man stuck in an unreal world, an irrational thinker, in a rational society. By becoming trapped in the thoughts dwelling in his mind, Hamlet prevents himself from taking action. Sha kespeare has Hamlet experience bombastic thoughts and feelings to show how hard it is to commit an act an individual is unsure of. Hamlet is shown as very intellectual and this inhibits him from acting promptly in regaining his honour.Shakespeare has Hamlet reply very enthusiastically to the Ghost’s request of revenge but as Hamlet beings to consider the validity of the matter he becomes more wary of going forth in his vengeful act. Shakespeare is suggesting through Hamlet’s delays, that an individual may struggle with restoring his honour and certainty because of the psychological impediments resulting in procrastination. After careful examination of the source of evidence, it is clear that  Shakespeare has suggested that individuals struggle with restoring honour and certainty because of procrastination and deception.Shakespeare introduced deceptive characters such as Claudius, Gertrude, and Hamlet to show how easy yet unrewarding being deceptive can be. Deceiving oneself and others will do more harm than justice in restoring certainty and honour. As well, Shakespeare made it known through Hamlet’s over-contemplative tendencies and worrisome thoughts that procrastinating will not essentially make the decision easier, but more difficult. An individual should consider his/her actions before taking them but over-thinking could make regaining honour and certainty more challenging than necessary.

Coyote Vally Cisco Objectives Essay

In my view, this is a case of a clash of interests between two parties. One being Cisco and its growing demand for space for its employees given its own position in San Jose i. e that of the regions largest private sector employer. The other party was made by the coalition of the environmentalists, southern communities and affordable housing activists. The employees are the primary stakeholders being directly affected by the development. Of course, in this case, they would benefit from this development which will bring a good work environment and a recreational opportunity which not many other firms facilitate for their employees. Having said that, the formation of a coalition against Cisco’s proposal by the environmentalists, chapters of Sierra club and the Audubon Society goes to prove that Cisco is not being able to keep aboard its non market stakeholders. The concept of â€Å"the purpose of the firm is not simply to make profit but to create value for all its stakeholders† 1 is violated here. The non market stakeholders mentioned above are a part of the society and they feel that running down a greenbelt would be pushing urbanization to its limits and destroying an area of value to them. In spite of the fact that this proposal would bring 20,000 jobs in the coyote valley there was opposition from outside the area. Perhaps, to the stakeholders, the cost of these new jobs is great: a 400-acre campus and adjacent residential area will destroy the remaining agricultural land that once characterized the entire Silicon Valley. Also the monetary sum of $122 million that Cisco is pledging for development of public roads would not suffice. Authorities suggest that in the course of making the â€Å"Cisco’s Coyote Valley† the required infrastructure (freeway interchanges, railroad overpasses, major storm detention systems and sewage lines) costs will be more than that which would/might become a burden on government subsidies. As Cisco might not be able to keep up with the costs of the infrastructure and that cost might fall on the tax payer. In my opinion, had Cisco systems also included a housing plan for the employees with in this project it would be less burdensome on the traffic and might not come across so negatively to the stakeholders? In the proposed idea of Cisco there seems an inefficient use of very large land space, able of being termed a â€Å"Cisco City†. But it lacks a vital aspect of a city – housing for its employees. Especially when constructed by bringing down a plush greenbelt. Coyote Vally Cisco Objectives http://www.landwatch.org/pages/issuesactions/coyote.html

Descriptive paper on metal of honor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descriptive paper on metal of honor - Essay Example Smith renowned himself in 1864 after saving his regimental colors; this is after the killing of the color bearer during the Battle of Honey Hill in South Carolina. On the same day in the afternoon, the 55th regiment was pursuing the enemy and in the process they found themselves in a swampy region where the Confederate Army was waiting. The thick underbrush and the surrounding woods obstructed artillery support and infantry movement. The 34th and 55th regiments created columns to progress towards the enemy in a side movement. The other units were repelled by the Confederates but the 34th and 55th regiments persistently moved into the tanking positions. They were forced by the enemy into a narrow gorge and this is where the 55th’s Color-Sergeant was murdered by an exploding shell. The Regimental Colors held by the slain soldier were taken Corporal Smith and he carried them through intense canister and grape fire (Richardson 3). Despite the fact that almost half of the unit was wounded and killed by the enemy, Corporal Smith continued to expose himself to the enemy by carrying the Regimental Colors throughout the fight. Through Corporal Smith, the 55th Infantry Regiment Regimental Colors were not taken by the enemy (Richardson 4). Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt His rank was lieutenant colonel in the United States Army and his organization, the First Cavalry Regiment. His citation for the award was â€Å"for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty† (Gomez-Granger CRS-3). Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt renowned himself by his acts of gallantry in 1898 in the Republic of Cuba while directing a courageous charge up in San Juan Hill. Risking his personal safety and escorted only by five men, he lead a heroic and desperate charge up in San Juan Hill. He encouraged his troops to go on with the assault through contemptuous enemy fire over the open landscape. In the face of the opponent’s he avy fire, he showed astonishing bravery throughout the charge. He was the first among his troops to reach the rival’s trenches. In the trench he murdered one of the enemies using his pistol and this gave room to his men to go on with the assault. His courage and leadership brought unexpected results in the Battle for San Juan Hill (Gomez-Granger CRS-3). The Differences The two officers displayed extraordinary courage in the fight against the enemy. However, there are differences in the way these soldiers showed their gallantry. In Corporal Smith’s case, he took a position that was not assigned to him. Corporal Smith was not the carrier of the Regimental Colors but after the killing of the bearer of the Regimental Colors, he took it and carried it throughout the battle. Thus, the corporal saved the Regimental Colors from being taken by the enemy. He did this despite the fact that most of the men were either wounded or killed. On the other hand, Lieutenant Colonel Roosev elt showed extraordinary courage by leading only four or five men in a charge up in San Juan Hill. Though there was intense exchange of fire in the battlefield, he courageously encouraged his men to advance towards the enemy. He was able to open

Colourimetric Assay for Paracetamol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Colourimetric Assay for Paracetamol - Essay Example ble results. The chief advantage of colourimetric methods is that they provide a simple means for determining minute quantities of substances. The upper limit of colorimetric methods is in general the determination of constituents which are present in quantities of less than 1 or 2 per cent (J. W. Robinson). The principle behind any colourimetric technique for paracetamol analysis is that paracetamol undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction with an aqueous solution of iron(III) ion. In the reaction, iron(III) ions are being reduced to iron(II) ions. The iron(II) ions produced in the redox reaction is reacted with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution forming prussian blue which is an intense blue colored complex. The concentration of the paracetamol in a given solution may be determined by measuring the color intensity of the Prussian blue solution. ... Upon measurement of the intensity in terms of absorbance, Beer’s law is used to calculate the concentration of the paracetamol in micrograms per milliliter. To permit selection of the most advantageous technique, effects of variables such as temperature, heating time, acidity and reagent concentration have been evaluated. Another simple, accurate and fast method of determination of paracetamol is based on the measurement of the intensity of the yellow color that will develop when the sample containing paracetamol is reacted with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in 2 molar solution of hydrochloric acid after heating (Usifoh, et. al.). This yellow color is usually absorbed in the visible region where the wavelength is 450 nm. It is normally stable for several hours and its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the drug, that is, Beer’s law is obeyed. This colorimetric technique is mainly used for analysis where the paracetamol is contained in a particular raw material or in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets and syrups. Finally, a fast, automated colorimetric method for the determination of samples containing paracetamol is the latter’s reaction with acidic hypochlorite followed by coupling with alkaline phenol which produces a blue indophenol dye, which is measured colourimetrically (J.W. Murfin). This method is generally used for tablets containing paracetamol and a granule formation containing paracetamol. MATERIALS AND METHOD A stock solution of paracetamol has been prepared for analysis. The stock solution is prepared by dissolving appropriate amount of 0.0023 mol/L paracetamol solution in 10 mL of NaCl solution and made

Conseptual analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conseptual analysis - Article Example Flow charts carry a similar function like other types of diagrams. They help in visualization of a process hence helping the user to understand deeper the meaning or flow of that process (John, 1984). There are different types of flow charts and each has its own design and national conventions. There are two common types of boxes in a flowchart. The first type is a processing step identified as an activity. Its denotations are rectangular in shape. The second type is a decision that is denoted as a diamond. Flowcharts are described as cross-functional where the pages in use are divided into different swim lanes (John, 1984). The lanes must be describing the control of different organizational units. For example, a symbol appearing in a particular lane is identified to be within the control of that organizational unit. Flowcharts depict certain aspects of processes (John, 1984). They are completed by drawing diagrams. Flow charts can be document flowcharts, data flowcharts, system flowcharts, or program flowcharts. They help best explain how a given system works by the use of a visual diagram. They are also helpful in brainstorming of ideas and plans. They demonstrate a high level of strategy application (John, 1984). They are graphic representations of flow of data through an information system. They help in creation of an overview of the system to be later elaborated. They show what information to input and output from a give system. They also show how the data will be either inputted or outputted and where the data will go or get stored. They are used in analysis and design phases of information processes (John, 1984). A visual image or document uses image as it primary means of communication. In other instances, visual images use the interaction of texts and images for communication. The goals of any visual analysis are to demonstrate an understanding of how the art communicates its message and meaning. This is done by breaking the

Middle Range Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Middle Range Theories - Essay Example If properly analysed and explored within a systematic framework, mid-range nursing theories can actually proper guidance as well as direction in terms of what research goals to be pursued. The serious development of mid-range nursing theory started during 1960’s and 1970s when serious efforts were put in place to actually drift away from the existing models being followed in Nursing. (McEwen & Wills, 2007) Community empowerment requires a continual shift in the power relationships between individuals and groups. It is also considered as an outcome which varies with different distribution of resources within the society. The community psychology suggests a positive link between community empowerment and overall health outcomes. When it comes to self care, community empowerment and motivation can play an important role. This paper will actually discuss the issue of community empowerment and motivation with regards to self-care and discuss is it from the perspective of mid-range theories of nursing and how they can solve this problem. Brief Description of the Problem Literature on community psychology indicates that empowerment can actually increase the overall self-esteem and competence of individuals which improves the perception of control and which invariably results into better health outcomes. Empowerment is generally related with an individual’s actions and subsequent development of small groups, community partnerships and organizations which can further lead to the ultimate political action required to bring in the desired change in the public health. It is however critical to understand that concrete efforts have not been put in place in order to ensure self-care, community empowerment has not been viewed as one of the critical tools to ensure positive health outcomes. The overall domain of community empowerment as well as self-care has been mostly focused upon the environmental changes and how it can affect the overall health outcomes for t he patients. Individuals can have better chance to ensure their self-care and better health outcomes if individuals can participate into the communities and empower themselves. (Lundy & Janes, 2009) From the perspective of nursing, community empowerment is relatively important however, given the overall complexity involved, nurses need to take greater care in understanding the overall dynamics and how they can develop an effective link between community empowerment and self-care. It is critical for nurses therefore to understand the individual circumstances of their patients and attempt to deliver an overall experience which can improve the overall health outcome for the students. Nurses therefore face difficult and complex challenges in this regard. (Janice E. Hitchcock, Schubert, & Thomas, 2003) Comfort Theory Word comfort is considered as complex and diverse in nature and has remained one of the intriguing aspects of nursing. Comfort has been defined as â€Å"the immediate state of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease, and transcendence addressed in four contexts of experience†. The comfort therefore is considered as the desirable and positive outcome which is required to bring patients and their families to engage into the positive health outcomes. Comfort theory was developed in 1990s by Katharine Kolcaba and is considered as middle range theory for nursing practice, education and research. This theory is

Lloyds Banking Group Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lloyds Banking Group Integration - Essay Example Organisational Structures Special Issues for Banks Martin and Fellenz (2010, p.592) define organisation structure as â€Å"the formal arrangement of task, communication and authority relationships that influence and control how people co-ordinate and conduct their work†. It is assumed that organisations can choose their structures and change them through what Brunsson and Olsen (1993, p.211) refer to as â€Å"administrative reforms†, which they define as â€Å"expert attempts at changing organisational forms† (ibid). They claim the belief that formal organisations can be changed originates in â€Å"a rational, instrumental tradition† which assumes a hierarchical approach to leadership and power with an unequal distribution of work and working conditions, among other things (ibid, p.212). They question how much choice, in reality, organisational leaders have when they decide to change the organisational structure. For Lloyds Group, this is a particularly pe rtinent issue as consideration is being given to breaking up the larger banks to avoid the â€Å"too big to fail† belief following the global economic crisis of 2007-2008 (Treanor, 2011). The USA had, until 1999, regulations in place imposed by the Glass-Steagall Act 1934, which required different banking functions to be kept separate. Following the crisis, several commentators suggested the UK might consider such an approach (Goddard et al, 2009, p.374), although some believe it is unlikely to be implemented (Hindle, 2009, p.422). For Lloyds, such a break-up would be change imposed by the environment rather than a choice for senior management, something that Brunsson and Olsen see as a key issue for those who look to change organisational structures. They believe any organisational change is affected to a greater or lesser extent by the context within which that change takes place and organisational structure can simply be the result of a series of unconnected events that we re not originated by the organisation (1993, p.219). As the banking industry is currently subject to heavy scrutiny by both government and the public, any changes Lloyds Group decide to make will be affected by that scrutiny and the prevailing culture of risk avoidance. In addition to the possibility of an imposed break-up, Lloyds must also consider the current regulatory requirements that insist on divisions, whether real or virtual, between different functions within the Group (â€Å"Chinese walls†) to avoid issues such as insider trading and dealing with privileged information, something the USA have recently reconsidered within the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Hay and Goebel 2010). This analysis must therefore be considered in the light of the specific requirements of the banking industry currently in place and the likelihood that further changes will be required in the immediate short term. Possible Organisational Structures The structure of an organisation should be determined by the strategy the organisation pursues and the business undertaken to deliver products and services to customers (Mullins 2010). Lloyds Group needs to determine what business it is in and how it intends doing that business, before it can decide how to integrate the different parts of the Group. On the assumption that the purpose of the integration

Enzymes in Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enzymes in Industry - Essay Example It is the aim of this paper to discuss the workings and history of enzymes and to trace its research as well as to give an overview of how enzymes have been incorporated into various facets of industry and as a result make our day- to - day lives much easier. Enzymes are proteinaceous molecules. They catalyze a variety of reactions in the cell and every living organism is dependent on them to function. Being proteins, they are sensitive to the working conditions, like temperature, pH, etc. and often have stringent requirements of these factors in order to function properly. Each enzyme catalyses a specific reaction, and this specificity is one of the hallmarks of an enzyme. In addition, each enzyme also has certain conditions within which it will be active. The conditions vary from enzyme to enzyme, though there is generally a common overlap amongst them. However, some proteins will be more stable than others under condition x than others, or will have a wider range of toleration to circumstances. Enzymes in industry have their roots in the earliest civilizations. Fermentation of grapes to make wine is one of the earliest recorded uses of enzymes. Also recorded is the fermentation of milk to yield cheese and yoghurt. However, though they have been recorded, the significance of the process of fermentation was not looked deeply into for many centuries. People slowly became aware of yeast as a source of this fermenting activity. However it was not until the beginning of the 19th century that enzyme research as a field really took off. The history of enzyme research is given below. History Timeline 1810 - Joseph Gay Lussac discovers that the principle products of sugar decomposition in yeastare ethanol and carbon dioxide. 1835 - Jacob Berzelius postulates the first general theory of chemical catalysis by showing that malt extracts (diastase) were capable of better catalysis of starch hydrolysis than sulfuric acid. Mid 19th century - Pasteur proposes that fermentation can only occur in living cells; he assumes a "vital force" that is capable of this process and says that dead cells cannot catalyse fermentation. J. Liebig opposes this theory, postulating that biological reactions are caused by substances called 'ferments' which are themselves not living organisms. 1864 - Hansen extracts chymosin from calf stomach (rennet) and uses it to ripen and manufacture cheese. This appears to be the first industrial use. 1876 - William Kuhne coins the term "enzyme" in an attempt to emphasize that it is not the yeast but something within its cell that causes fermentation. Late 1800s - Jokichi Takamine is the first person to isolate an enzyme, Takadiastase, from a microbe, Aspergillus oryzae 1894 - Emil Fischer discovers that glycolytic enzymes can distinguish between stereoisomeric sugars leading to the lock- and - key hypothesis. 1897 - Eduard Buchner ends the debate on what causes fermentation by showing that a cell-free yeast extract is still capable of carrying out fermentation. 1917 - Bacterial amylase is used by Boiden and Effront to perform textile desizing. Pre- W.W.I - Otto Rohm uses pancreatic extracts to bate leather. He also later used enzymes in detergents. 1926 - James Sumner crystallizes the enzyme jack bean urease, demonstrating conclusively that enzymes are proteins. Mid- 1930s - John Northrop, Moses Kunitz confirm the proteinaceous nature of enzymes by showing a direct correlation

Guest lectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Guest lectures - Essay Example The sharing relayed by Rita, a 76 year old woman was particularly interesting in terms of emphasizing how her love for physical activities (dancing, in particular), significantly assisted in her fast recovery from her hip replacement surgery. Her experience was therefore recommended by her surgeons to other people who had to undergo similar surgeries to help in facilitating the recovery process. What was your overall impression of the lecture? The lecture was simply inspiring, illuminating, and enlightening. The sharing of experiences enabled the audience to clearly understand and relate to their ability to move on despite their disabilities. Optional: Was there a memorable quote or impactful moment from the lecture that resonated with you? The memorable quote was relayed by Rita who emphasized the relevance of keeping active despite one’s age. As noted, â€Å"age is a matter of the mind; when one does not mind, then age does not matter† (Ryan, 2013). What did you learn from the speaker(s)? The speaker, a critical discourse analyst and communication scholar, focused on neurodiversity, specifically communicative perspectives – where communication was noted to shape reality and at the same token, reality shapes communication. She also explained social realities in terms of roles, relationships, functions, experiences, and even disabilities. The lesson that was particularly interesting was the speaker’s ability to emphasize how communication shapes social reality, as well as how reality actually shapes communication. The manner by which she stressed the concept enabled the audience to ingrain the lesson in one’s mind. Likewise, the definition of neurodiversity as â€Å"everyone has a different mind; everyone has a different way of making things work; and everyone has a different way of seeing and shaping social realities which are equally valid despite the diversities† (Ryan, Neurodiversity lecture 3-6-14, 2014). What was your

Victim’s responsibility Essay Example for Free

Victim’s responsibility Essay According to Karmen (2007), the question of â€Å"victim’s responsibility† can be reduced to six, listed from least to most guilty. The first is 100% guilt free victim, a victim that might be the victim of a random crime. After this, there is victim proneness, the specific kind of victim I have chosen for the first example used. Proneness is actually the adaption of a risky lifestyle that leaves one open to criminal mischief without actually precipitating it in any way. The next stage if victim facilitation, where certain ingredients for a crime are left in the vision of the criminal, such as wearing gold rings in a crime-ridden part of town. Then there is victim precipitation, where the victim has goaded the criminal in some way, leading to a crime. After this is the worst, victim provocation, where the victim has attacked or otherwise abused the criminal to such an extent that the criminal becomes such involuntarily. Lastly, the 100% guilty victim, the victim creating a crime for various motives, getting attention, etc. For this project I have chosen two murder cases: the first, the murder of Lana Clarkson by famed music producer Phil Spector in 2003, and the more recent murder of Meredith Kirchner by Amanda Cox (et al) in 2007. Given the evidence of the two cases thus far it is likely that both perpetrators are guilty. Cox has confessed to the murder of Kirchner, and, while the jury is still out on the Spector case, it does not look good. This essay will, for the sake of the course, assume that both Cox and Spector are guilty. The first case happened in February of 2003. The victim, a long time actress in secondary roles, was working part time in a local, trendy nightclub in Los Angeles. She met Phil Spector, and, only after a few hours, was in his mansion, where she was murdered. Spector says that she killed herself and was complaining of being â€Å"down† (Guardian, 2003). But the question of victimology is given in a (2003) op-ed piece by Wesley Strick, who chides the victim for getting into a limo with a stranger, or, barring that, that Mr. Spector was no strange, and had a reputation for violence and bizarre behavior (Strick, 2003). Hence, this case seems to flirt between victim proneness and Mr. Strick’s clear statement of victim felicitation. While it is true that working as an attractive hostess in a trendy bar is itself risky, the fact that she would have no qualms about getting into Spector’s limo with only a brief amount of time together may well bleed into victim felicitation. The second case I chose was the more recent murder of British college student in Italy, Meredith Kerchner. As of this writing, Amanda Cox, one of her murderers, has been convicted in Italy after a confession (Owen, 2007a). But Owen (2007b) holds that there was a certain level of victim felicitation. The reports of this case show that Miss Cox was mentally unstable, and that some of her roommates were very interested in vampirism and violent images (comics, etc). The reports on this case all suggest that violent sex games were planned Holoween night, and that Miss herchner was killed for refusing to play them. But it also is clear that the victim knew of these propensities, though not of their extent (Owen, 2007a) It seems that staying in this company goes a bit beyond victim proneness (thought this can be argued) and their Halloween antics might show a greater tilt towards victim felicitation, similar to the above case. Regardless, in both cases, the minimum one can claim is that both victims were prone to crime and were living risky lifestyles. At the same time, the decision to get into the car with Spector is parallel with the decision to stay with roommates and friends who had already shown some inclination to bizarre behavior. Hence, one can hold that both victims facilitated the crimes they became the victims of. At the same time, neither of the two victims mentioned above can be convicted of any of the more extreme forms of victim guilt, that of precipitation or provocation, at least with the evidence so far uncovered. If, for example, Miss Kerchner was involved in the sex games, and then withdrew, then one could make the claim that she was precipitating the crime. References: For the Lana Clarkson case: na (2003, 4 February). B-Movie Actress Named as Shooting Victim. Guardian.Strick, Leslie (2007, 18 April) Lana Clarkson’s Fade to Black. Los Angeles Times For the Meredith Kerchner case: Owen, Richard. (2007a, 7 November) Meredith Kerchner Killed After Refusing Orgy. The Times Online (http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2821154. ece) . (2007b, 9 November) Meredith Killed for Refusing Violent Sex. Times Online. (http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2841412. ece) For the victims typology: Karmen, A (2007) Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology. Thompson-Wadsworth.

Power of Active Directory in Windows Server 2003 Essay Example for Free

Power of Active Directory in Windows Server 2003 Essay In order to understand the concept of active directory first lets take a look at directory service. Directory Service is a service which stores information of using and managing different objects of network at a centralized point. Those objects include printing servers, file servers, printers; fax servers etc . The directory service stores all of the information regarding the resources and at the same time provides mechanism of easy access to the resources’ information for the users. Active directory is also a directory service in windows server 2003 which stores information about the netwrok resources and about the services that make this information available to the users. Now let’s look at the power and key features of active directory in windows server 2003:  ·Multiple selections of directory objects: We can change the common attributes of many users at the one time.  ·Drag-and-drop functionality: You just need to drag and drop the directory objects from one container to another in order to move them  ·Efficient search capabilities: The object oriented searching facility provides efficient search minimizing the traffic on the network.  ·Saved queries: The active directory queries can be saved, exported, reopened and refreshed, and the results of the attributed queries can also be exported.  ·Active Directory command-line tools: A number of command line tools are available to manage the active directory. Those tools are Ntdsutil, Dsget, Dsrm, Dsmod, Csvde, Dsadd, Dsquery, Dsmove and Ldifde.  · Domain functional levels :Active directory’s domain wide features in your network can be enable using domain functional levels.  ·Forest functional levels: The Active directory’s forest wide features in your network can also be now enabled using forest functional levels.  ·Secure All Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic:   All Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic is signed and encrypted by Active directory’s administrative tools, by default. It ensures that the data is not corrupted and that it is coming from the known source.  ·Active directory quota: With Active directory quota, the ownership of objects by a user, computer or group can be limited by assigning quotas.  ·New Group Policy settings: more than 200 group policy setting are included in windows server 2003‘s active directory.  ·New Resultant Set Of Policy (RSoP) Wizard is included which enables you to check the policies assigned to a specific user or computer.  ·Folder redirection is also made very easy.  ·Advanced options for software installation are available, which makes installation process easy and administration effective.  ·InetOrgPerson class has been added to enhance the security and it can be used in the same way as the user class is used.  ·Cross forest support is also provided.  ·The Software Restriction Policies that are included can identify unwanted or hostile soft wares and hence will not let them execute on the computer. But this requires that the system is either being run on Microsoft Windows XP Professional or on a family member of Windows Server 2003.  ·Domain controller renaming: The domain controllers, without demoting, can now be renamed with the active directory of windows server 2003.As well as the domain name can now also be renamed with this.  ·In the domain hierarchy, the domains can be moved from one location to another.  ·The two way transitivity can now be extended by creating forest trust.  ·The users’ access of one domain or forest can be allowed, disallowed or given selective access to another domain of forest.  ·Unnecessary objects of the schema can be deactivated  ·In order to link the auxiliary classes to the objects on dynamic bases, extra support is provided.  ·When the partial attribution set is extended , the resulted administrative actions take place; at that time the Tuning global catalog replication is available for preserving global catalog’s state of synchronization All in all the active directory of Windows server 2003 provides a lot of additional features which to facilitate the management, administration and usage of resources in the network. The security additions are also very remarkable and a lot of flexibility is given to the administrator to check and configure different parameters of the network. Other than this some work has also to improve the responsiveness of the network and to cater with the network traffic. Flexibility for moving objects and domains, and for renaming them is also made easy .And with the new policies introduced the access of a user from one domain of forest to another can also be a controlled effectively. Providing these all functionalities and flexibilities to the networks administrators and mangers make their tasks of access controls, security, managing of objects etc very easy. References Spealman, Jill, Hudson, Kurt (2004). Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Infrastructure. Redmond ,Washington: Microsoft Press. Jones, Don (2003). Windows Server 2003 Weekend Crash course. NewYork: Wiley Publishing Inc..

PolyProd: Organisational Problems and Solutions

PolyProd: Organisational Problems and Solutions It appears that Roberta Jackson is trying to make improvements to the current information management practices. Roberta is an experienced first-level manager working in the headquarters site for the manufacturing and distribution divisions for PolyProd. Although she has acknowledged it will not be an easy task to make such improvements, she identifies that not making such improvements could impact PolyProd millions of dollars in future cost of direct expenses. It could also impact long-term market shares because they would decline in PolyProd products. The task/goal is to change the documentation processes and procedures because there is so much room for errors and manipulation of documents as it goes through many hands of people (Cummings Worley, 2012). There are many obstacles when trying to improve the way some tasks are done, they include, but limited to, an organizations resistance to change, culture and trust issues, and the willingness to learn. Further details will be provid ed within questions 2-4. Problem and Diagnosis: Very similar to many other organizations, creating change in the way a business handles its procedures is always difficult. Due to the size of an organization, the number of employees, the various beliefs and personalities, missions and visions, creating change can be very challenging and difficult. One of the main problems with PolyProd is that it is a big organization that rapidly grew and continues to for 11 years. Because of this rapid growth, PolyProd focuses on increased speed intricacy, and expense of their unique high-volume automated manufacturing processes that produces products. The system that is currently in place at PolyProd is struggling to keep up with the growth; with exponential increase in locations, sales, capital equipments, product lines and personnel support systems such as information and knowledge management system. Secondly, PolyProd has hired temporary and inexperienced personnel which also contribute to the problem. Hiring temporary and inexperienced employees makes it difficult for PolyProd to maintain their culture. According to the case study, over the last several years, there has been friction between the headquarters and the other locations, and the friction is getting worse. There is a disconnect between them both because the other locations feel that the headquarters have demanding attitudes and are also patronizing them. The headquarters on the other hand feel as those they dislike the individualism of those locations. One thing that is evident in the case study is that the headquarters have a strong resistance to change and synchronizes the other locations when it comes to single processes or technology. The case study also acknowledges that there were attempts to create change in the past but have been doomed to failure for the headquarters find such change to be too risky. The key organizational problems at PolyProd are (1) the culture of an organization is difficult to change, because it is what molds the organization. PolyProd has a long history of being a conservative organization who resists change. (2) PolyProd has been rapidally growth in and it makes it hard for the organization to maintain some type of order and conformity. A hard and expensive task that can be done includes creating a new information management system that can update and conform itself and then maintaining that system. (3) The organization experiencing some type of difficulties in having a unified culture because of rapid hiring, insufficient mentoring for employees, promotions, massive outsourcing and also downsizing certain competencies. The organization extensively hires temporary employees which impacts the culture at PolyProd. Since PolyProd is growing rapidly, it is imperative to have a strong culture foundation. If nothing is done from the three listed, PolyProd can exp erience a great impact on revenue and profits which comes from the expansion of the manufacturing and distribution departments; and needs to be addressed in order for the organization to be successful. Problems with Documentation: there is a lack of trust for the documentation system. Since there has been bad past experiences on outdated and incorrect information, there has been a lack of trust for the documentation system. The design department, employees and management at the headquarters are dissatisfied with the documentation system. Secondly, the high manufacturing system, that allows products to be scanned for quality is to high-controlled and could possibly deem products as bad causing a huge loss in quantity in products. In order for me to convince Stewart Jones, it is important to present him with facts, proves, examples, on information that is accessible to employees. Assuming that Stewart Jones is a very busy man, it is a great idea to present the information in a manner that gets straight to the point and provides much detail that he can look after our meeting. Providing a small 3-5 page recommendation report and visual aid should be created during a 30 minute meeting. Within that recommendation report, it is important to create a successful strategy that provides positive outcomes to implement a general organization vision, mission, and/or strategy in creating a documentation system. Also addressed would be the differences within each department and how there is a huge lack of information sharing and communication among departments and locations within the organization. The first solution is implementing a system that can gain the approval and trust among the headquarters management. It is up to them to be willing enough to change their minds and be open to a new and improved program. In order for this to be achieved, awareness needs to be created (Cummings Worley, 2012). Showing how the change is imperative to the success of the company will be an ongoing process and should be reflected in the actions of throughout all management at PolyProd. Failure to do so can destroy the organization slowly. When trying to implement change, leaders are needed to motivate their employees and show them the right way of doing things, and this cannot be done unless the leaders themselves truly believes and trust the change also. Next, PolyProd should create a stronger vision and conformity among the different departments within the organization. Because the organization is growing so rapidly, the lines of communication among employees is diminishing and lack of shared information and knowledge. Empowering managers in the shared vision and shared knowledge to higher needs can be done in hopes of bringing the departments together and having meetings and share the new information technologies. With PolyProd being a huge company, empowering managers and leaders to shift power down from the top of the organizational hierarchy is a great weigh in creating new leaders among their subordinates. The third solution is to implement and sustain a successful and competent hiring of new permanent employees while maintaining a standard for current employees (Cummings Worley, 2012). The culture of PolyProd is changing because of the separation of a shared culture and beliefs. With the ongoing hire of temporary employees, t he organization will continue to breed a culture where temporary employees that lack the skills, knowledge and abilities to connect to the shared goals of the organization. Management has to understand the importance of personal qualities for leading diverse employees. With PolyProd having so many locations worldwide, having a personal, long-term and long-range vision will recognize and support a diverse organizational community. Adaptation is a great way to bring many diverse backgrounds together. It is not forcing them together but slowly integrating them to work as one body. With the organization having interest in a unified culture and emphasizing it, PolyProd can develop a strong culture that encourages teamwork, collaboration, and trust. There are many reasons for failure to change and adapt, according to authors Thomas Cummings and Christopher Worley. A primary solution is better change leadership. Leaders are role models for change and they can provide the motivation and communication that keeps the new change moving forward in the positive direction (Cummings Worley, 2012). There are five important steps when implementing change, they include: motivating change, establish a vision, develop political support, manage the transition and sustainability within the change. My solution would be to focuses on leadership, the system, and the trust and willingness within upper management. It is a great ambition to overcome resistance to change. Leadership can help Roberta by implementing a vision for PolyProd that all employees can understand. Next, a strategy should have the ability to empower all managers within each location and departments to make sure that everyone is on the same track. Apart of implementing change ca n assure that PolyProd has established that there culture has shared vision and beliefs. Besides leadership, sharing knowledge and technology is key to a successful organizational change. The next step would entail leadership to manage the change transition from its current state to the new ideal/desired state. Implementing the information management system can help share networks among all locations including the headquarters and will create a positive and successful change at PolyProd. After implementing the change, the managers can closely monitor and also participate in the employee feedback surveys that will be distribute to employees at least three times a year, or the preference of leadership (Cummings Worley, 2012). Data will be collected to view the progress of PolyProd. With the new system, and sharing a culture of knowledge and technology, PolyProd can maintain unified and can achieve goals and obtain profits from their products.

La-La Land American Ignorance Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

La-La Land American Ignorance So tell me. Who is the prime minister of Britain? What did Koizumi just do to his cabinet? Do you even know what country he’s from? What was the reelected chancellor of Germany’s stance in his recent political campaign? What resolution did the U.N. Security Council pass in late September? Which country stopped the shipment of five million dollars of uranium 155 miles from Iraqi borders? Can you even point out the location of Baghdad on a world map? Where is Arafat’s headquarters located? Do you even know who Arafat is? What 39-year old Asian businessman took control of North Korea’s recently opened â€Å"special economic zone?† Why is Milosevic being tried at The Hague? Do you know what these things, these people, and these events, have to do with the United States? More specifically, do you know how they might affect you? It is no surprise that many Americans cannot answer these questions. In general, most of us aren’t interested in what happens in countries on the other side of the globe. We feel apathetic even to domestic events occurring in states other than our own. But that is the problem – the American public does not recognize the most basic knowledge about the current events of the world due to lack of interest. The average adult perhaps only realizes that bin Laden and al Qaeda are hiding somewhere inside or outside Afghanistan and that Saddam Hussein may have a stockpile of weapons of mass destruction hidden somewhere in Iraq. But this is about as far as their familiarity with foreign affairs extends – they may not even be able to point out Baghdad on a map or what territory Desert Storm covered. They probably cannot even identify the events that occurred at Tora Bora... ...lling our gigantic walk-in closets with more dresses from Gucci than there are days in a year than we are with North Korea’s militarization of its economy. We want to watch action movies all day long, eat Ben and Jerry’s ice cream right out of the half-gallon bucket, drive fancy BMW sports cars, booze up on Smirnoff Ice, shoot up more heroin, pay thousands for prostitutes, gamble fortunes away at the MGM Grand in Vegas, and enjoy all the pleasures of life. We care more for that than anything else in the world. And our government responds to that. The media bows to our wishes. And we grow ever more apathetic, ignoring the world around us. Sources cited: Epstein, Edward J. News From Nowhere: Television and the News, Vintage, New York NY. 1973, pp. 16; Pearson, David. â€Å"The Media and Government Deception.† Propaganda Review. Spring 1989, pp. 6-11.

Hacking :: Essays Papers

Hacking Computer Crime It's the weekend, you have nothing to do so you decide to play around on your computer. You turn it on and then start up, you start calling people with your modem, connecting to another world, with people just like you at a button press away. This is all fine but what happens when you start getting into other peoples computer files. Then it becomes a crime, but what is a computer crime really, obviously it involves the use of a computer but what are these crimes. Well they are: Hacking, Phreaking, & Software Piracy. To begin I will start with Hacking, what is hacking. Hacking is basically using your computer to "Hack" your way into another. They use programs called scanners which randomly dials numbers any generating tones or carriers are recorded. These numbers are looked at by hackers and then used again, when the hacker calls up the number and gets on he's presented with a logon prompt, this is where the hacking really begins, the hacker tries to bypass this anyway he knows how to and tries to gain access to the system. Why do they do it, well lets go to a book and see "Avid young computer hackers in their preteens and teens are frequently involved in computer crimes that take the form of trespassing, invasion of privacy, or vandalism. Quite often they are mearly out for a fun and games evening, and they get entangled in the illegal use of their machines without realizing the full import of what they are doing", I have a hard time believing that so lets see what a "hacker" has to say about what he does "Just as they were enthraled with their pursuit of information, so are we. The thrill of the hack is not in breaking the law, it's in the pursuit and capture of knowledge.", as you can see the "hacker" doesn't go out to do destroy things although some do. It's in the pursuit of knowledge. Of course this is still against the law. But where did all of this start, MIT is where hacking started the people there would learn and explore computer systems all around the world. In the views of professional hacking is like drugs or any other addictive substance, it's an addiction for the mind and once started it's difficult to stop. This could be true, as hackers know what they are doing is wrong and they know odds are they will be caught.

Bears :: Animals Wildlife Nature Essays

Bears â€Å"If you talk to the animals, they will talk to you, and you will know each other. If you do not talk to them, you will not know them, and what you do not know you will fear. What one fears, one destroys.† This was said by Chief Dan George and is common with many wild animals here in North America; one animal in particular, the bear. There are three different types of bears in North America: brown (or grizzly), polar, and black. The most common in the Northern Virginia area are black bears (Palmer & Lickley, 2001). Though the Native Americans respected and even revered bears, they became a symbol of danger, aggression, violence, and fear for the white man as he moved onto Native American lands. Today, people fear bears because of stories they’ve heard about attacks, movies they’ve watched, or various personal reasons, but here is a different story. Bear attacks are very rare. Over the past one hundred years, fewer than fifty people have died from grizzly bear attacks, and only one hundred and fifty such attacks have been reported as serious (Animal Planet, 2004). Bears do not attack just because they are bears and it’s their nature; in fact, they are not naturally aggressive. Past and current events have affected bears and the way people view them, but bears are not vicious creatures that attack at will. Encounters with bears do not have to be horrible; there are steps a person can take to ensure their own safety and the safety of the bear. First, why do bears attack? Bears are animals and act instinctively in order to survive. They are omnivores, so they eat both meat and plants, such as berry or flowered plants, rodents, and fish. Bears are social, predictable (if you understand them), curious about their environment, and they don’t have an agenda. They live in a dominance hierarchy and they are not territorial, but they will defend their personal space (Emerald Air Service, 2004). Every bear varies and has a different comfort zone. Some bears, usually younger ones, will approach objects they are curious about within two inches, while other bears don’t get within two miles of something new.

Family is an extraordinarily important aspect of my life Essay

My mother, above everyone else in my life, has had a significant influence on me. My mom has said that if the whole world turns their back on you, your family will always be there for you. She has always been there for me. She is an absolutely amazing human being and a great role model. Everyday I see how she handles having four children, manages a household and a career. Through her example, I have learned to make good decisions and be very responsible. My mother inspires me everyday. She has taught me to not only respect other people’s opinions, but to formulate my own opinions as well. She showed me that I can do anything I put my mind to and has told me to always stand up for myself. I started to play soccer when I was in second grade and I came to love it. Years ago when I was playing soccer, I was not getting much playing time during games. I was not one of the strongest players but I played well. I was disappointed about the games and talked to my mom about it. She said rather than her talking to the coach I should remind the coach that I was not getting enough playing time. During the next game I stood by the coach and asked to be put in. It worked. I got more playing time and the coach noticed how well I played. He complimented me on my game and from that point on I didn’t have to ask for more playing time. I am glad that she encouraged me to stand up for myself. From this experience, I learned that in life you have to fight for what you want. My mom has shown me that we should not only take from the community, but also give back. I volunteer with the Girl Scouts and at a local church as much as possible. With my church youth group I have visited a Veteran’s home to talk with the residents and keep them company. We also have done a rake and run where we rake the leaves of elderly or disabled people. I was voted onto a core team by my peers. On the core team I help the advisers lead the group at meetings and volunteer services. Because of my mom’s encouragement, I work extremely hard at school and everything I do. She has inspired me to push myself to the limit and beyond. My mom has taught me to live my life to its fullest. Life is a journey and my mom has taught me many things along the way. College is the next step in my journey and I am going to take everything I have learned along with me. My mom has not only influenced my life, but is my absolute hero. The lessons she has taught me will be instilled in me foreve

Heat Load

PROPOSAL NO PROJECT REF. FLOWRATE m? /h Bharath Babu DATA SHEET 19389 rev. 1 pos. 4 DATE: FOs FAHU-1-FINAL REVISED 7758 MODEL ITEM NO. PRINTED 3/17/2013 23MK0608 89230608 3/17/2013 MEKAR is participating in the EUROVENT CERTIFICATION Programme for Air Handling Units. 23MK range is certified under the number 09. 04. 418 and presented on www. eurovent-certification. com. Eurovent – Air handling units – Energy efficiency class A Section [m2] 1. 1625 Velocity [m/s] 1. 85 Type: With Recirculation 100[%] external winter design temperature  °C -25 GENERAL FEATURES Supply flowrate [m3/h] 7758 17. 5 400 3 50 Not available [l/s] 2155 Face velocity [m/s] 2. 51 2490 1370 1200 452. 58 1 RH RH 8000 global 69 [dB(A)] 87. 9 38 [dB(A)] 77. 9 33 [dB(A)] 74. 0 Feed Installed el. power [kW] : Tension [V] : Phase: Cycles [Hz] : Switchboard: Dimensions and mass Length [mm] Width [mm] Height [mm] Mass (no fluids) [kg] N ° sections [frames] Inspection side Header side 250 500 1000 81 88 82 73 80 69 73 75 67 Sound power Sound power at supply Outlet Sound power at supply Inlet Sound power outside panels Hz] [dB] [dB] [dB] 63 81 74 75 125 81 76 73 2000 78 62 62 4000 76 53 45  · CASING Type: Thermal break: Panel thickness [mm]: Outer skin: Inner skin: Insulation: Framework Roof: Handles: Drainable floor floor with checkered plate Baseframe Conduit for wiring Acoustic insulation: (M) [Hz] [dB] Frame with panels Std 60 Galvanised prepainted 0. 6 [mm] Galvanised 0. 6 [mm] Polyurethane 45 [kg]/m? anodized aluminium Not available nylon Not available Not available Galvanised Not available 63 6 125 8 250 8 500 13 Classification according to EN1886 Mech. trength: Leakage -/Leakage +: Filter by-pass Transmittance: Thermal bridges: Doors with sightglas Technical room: Light: D1 (M) L2/L2 (M) F9 (M) T2 (M) TB3 (M) No Not available Not available 1000 15 2000 16 4000 31 8000 36  · S001 FILTER SECTION 1 2 872306070608 80650000-1006 RIGID BAG FILTER SECTION WITH SIDE WITHDRAWAL WIT H PREFILTER 23MK0608 SYNTHETIC CORRUGATED FILTER THK 48 CL. G3 592 X 592 Viale Caduti sul Lavoro, 25 – 37063 Isola della Scala (VR) – Italy Tel. +39 045 6630536 – Fax +39 045 6630513 – www. mekar. it – [email  protected] it config23 V10. 9 8. 3 E6 M Sheet 1/5 PROPOSAL NO PROJECT REF.FLOWRATE m? /h Bharath Babu DATA SHEET 19389 rev. 1 pos. 4 DATE: FOs FAHU-1-FINAL REVISED 7758 MODEL ITEM NO. PRINTED 3/17/2013 23MK0608 89230608 3/17/2013 2 2 2 80650000-1007 80654025-0000 80654025-0001 SYNTHETIC CORRUGATED FILTER THK 48 CL. G3 290 X 592 RIGID BAG FILTER THK 290 CL. F7 592 X 592 RIGID BAG FILTER THK 290 CL. F7 290 X 592 Sinthetic 48 G3 lateral 36 93 150 1 63 3 125 2 250 4 500 4 Filter type Thickness/Length [mm] EN class Extraction Initial pressure drop [Pa] Average pressure drop [Pa] Final pressure drop [Pa] Filter kit 1000 6 2000 8 4000 11 8000 16 rigid bags 290 F7 lateral 58 129 200 1Pre-filter type Thickness/Length [mm] EN class Extraction Initial pressure drop [Pa] Average pressure drop [Pa] Final pressure drop [Pa] Prefilter kit Acoustic brakedown [Hz] [dB]  · S002 WATER COOLING COIL SECTION 1 1 2 1 1 872307040608 88Y271020060204330 80480000-0002 872321010308 822336006776 COIL SECTION COOLING LENGTH 480 MM 23MK0608 WATER COIL 23MK0608 P312_CUAL_TUBE THK 0. 35SP. AL 0. 12_27T_1020L_6R_20C_ _3PA_1 1/2†³RH_ENCLOSURES 40 RUBBER RING 3 MM THK INNER DIAMETER 1 1/2†³ DRAIN PAN EMBEDDED FOR COIL 1 RAILS L03 W08 MOD TIE BAR FOR DRAIN PAN RAILS 250L P312 CU 0. 5 12 staggered smooth Al 0. 115 3 corrugated 1020 27 6 20 1 1/2†³ 60 Peraluman 1†³ Power [kW] Sens. pow. [kW] AIR SIDE [m/s] Flowrate [m3/h] / [kg/h] Inlet temperature [ °C] Relative humidity Inlet [%] Outlet temperature [ °C] Relative humidity Outlet [%] Pressure drop [Pa] TUBE SIDE Flowrate [dm3/h] / [kg/h] Inlet temperature [ °C] Outlet temperature [ °C] Pressure drop [kPa] Fluid Internal volume [l] 500 3 1000 5 2000 6 4000 8 8000 11 94. 5 64. 2 2. 47 7758 / 9309. 6 46. 1 28 22 82 120 9142 / 9137 5. 5 14. 4 26 water 24. 5 Type Tube material/thickness [mm] Tube O. D. mm] Tube pattern Tube inner surface Fin material/thickness [mm] Fin pitch [mm] Fin type Length [mm] [n °] Tubes [n °] Rows [n °] Circuits Header†s diameter [â€Å"] Weight [kg] Drain pan material Drain Acoustic brakedown [Hz] [dB] 63 3 125 2 250 3  · S003 ELECTRIC BATTERY SECTION 1 1 872307010608 806206080001 COIL SECTION HEATING LENGTH 320 MM 23MK0608 ELECTRIC BATTERY 23MK0608 13. 5 KW 3 ST 9 EL 400 V 3 PH 50 HZ Power [kW] FE FE corrugated 1000 9 21. 1 AIR SIDE [m/s] Flowrate [m3/h] / [kg/h] Inlet temperature [ °C] Relative humidity Inlet [%] Outlet temperature [ °C] Relative humidity Inlet [%] [% 13. 5 2. 51 7758 / 9309. 22 82 27. 8 58 Type Tube material/thickness [mm] Fin material/thickness [mm] Fin type Length [mm] [n °] Elements Weight [kg] Viale Caduti sul Lavoro, 25 – 37063 Isola della Scala (VR) – Italy Tel. +39 045 6 630536 – Fax +39 045 6630513 – www. mekar. it – [email  protected] it config23 V10. 9 8. 3 E6 M Sheet 2/5 PROPOSAL NO PROJECT REF. FLOWRATE m? /h Bharath Babu DATA SHEET 19389 rev. 1 pos. 4 DATE: FOs FAHU-1-FINAL REVISED 7758 MODEL ITEM NO. PRINTED 3/17/2013 23MK0608 89230608 3/17/2013 Pressure drop [Pa] Feed Tension [V] Phase [n °] Steps Acoustic brakedown [Hz] [dB] 63 1 125 1 250 1 500 1 1000 2 2000 2 4000 4 8000 4 3 400 3 3  · S004 SUPPLY FAN SECTION 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 872305020608 80505012-0006 80560025-0032 80562025-0010 80530000-0012 80560025-0014 80562025-0009 80564000-0001 80566000-0041 80150030-0002 FAN SECTION 90 ° SIZE2 23MK0608 FAN RDH 355 E2 PULLEY FIXED PITCH 2 SPA 112-1610 BUSH 1610 DIAMETER 30 ELECTRIC MOTOR IP55 CL F 3 PH 4 KW 2 POLES 230-400V [V]50 [HZ] PULLEY FIXED PITCH 2 SPA 90-1610 BUSH 1610 DIAMETER 28 MOTOR SLIDE 90/132 V-BELT SPA 1482 RUBBER ANTIVIBRATING SUPPORT 45SH D30X25 M8 7758 500 0 355 855 66 921 88 250 81 [m3/h] [Pa] [Pa ] [Pa] [Pa] [Pa] [Pa] [dB(A)] 500 88Flowrate External static pressure Additional pressure drop Internal pressure drop Total static pressure Velocity pressure Total pressure Sound power spectrum [Hz] [dB] 63 81 125 81 1000 82 2000 78 4000 76 8000 69 Fan [n °] Model Blades Twin Absorbed power [kW] Rotation speed [rpm] Efficiency [%] Outlet velocity [m/s] 1 RDH 355 E2 Backward No 2. 67 2347 74 10. 5 Motor n °] Model Poles Protection/Insulation class Absorbed power at mains [kW] Nominal power [kW] Rotation speed [rpm] Motor vs Fan pwr oversize [%] Nominal current [A] Starting current [A] Tension [V] Phase Cycles [Hz] Bimetal protection/Antispark Efficiency class Motor pulley Motor taperlock Operating Frequency [Hz] 1 C112 2 IP55/F 3. 42 4 2880 49. 8 7. 7 57. 8 230-400V 3 50 No/No IE1 ex eff2 SPA90 1610-28 40. 75 Fan pulley Fan taperlock Belts Efficiency [%] SPA112 1610-30 2 x SPA 1482 91  ·  · ACCESSORIES 1 872326001001 872328000011 MICROSWITCH AT FAN SECTION DOOR (SUPPLY) PACKI NG: HOOVES IN WOOD Viale Caduti sul Lavoro, 25 – 37063 Isola della Scala (VR) – Italy Tel. +39 045 6630536 – Fax +39 045 6630513 – www. mekar. it – [email  protected] it config23 V10. 9 8. 3 E6 M Sheet 3/5 PROPOSAL NO PROJECT REF. FLOWRATE m? /h Bharath Babu DATA SHEET 19389 rev. 1 pos. 4 DATE: FOs FAHU-1-FINAL REVISED 7758 MODEL ITEM NO. PRINTED 3/17/2013 23MK0608 89230608 3/17/2013  · SPARE PARTS  · ORDINARY MAINTENANCE Q. ty 2 2 2 2 2 Code 80650000-1006 80650000-1007 80654025-0000 80654025-0001 80566000-0041Description SYNTHETIC CORRUGATED FILTER THK 48 CL. G3 592 X 592 SYNTHETIC CORRUGATED FILTER THK 48 CL. G3 290 X 592 RIGID BAG FILTER THK 290 CL. F7 592 X 592 RIGID BAG FILTER THK 290 CL. F7 290 X 592 V-BELT SPA 1482  · EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE Q. ty 1 1 Code 80505012-0006 80530000-0012 Description FAN RDH 355 E2 ELECTRIC MOTOR IP55 CL F 3 PH 4 KW 2 POLES 230-400V [V]50 [HZ] Note: the indicated amounts are those present on the air han dling unit Viale Caduti sul Lavoro, 25 – 37063 Isola della Scala (VR) – Italy Tel. +39 045 6630536 – Fax +39 045 6630513 – www. ekar. it – [email  protected] it config23 V10. 9 8. 3 E6 M Sheet 4/5 PROPOSAL NO PROJECT REF. FLOWRATE m? /h Bharath Babu DXF DRAWING 19389 rev. 1 pos. 4 DATE: FOs FAHU-1-FINAL REVISED 7758 MODEL ITEM NO. PRINTED 3/17/2013 23MK0608 89230608 3/17/2013 LEGENDA : A: mm B: mm C: mm 515 453 458 D: mm 453 E: mm 1370 F: mm 2490 G: mm 1050 H: mm 150 (452Kg) Viale Caduti sul Lavoro, 25 – 37063 Isola della Scala (VR) – Italy Tel. +39 045 6630536 – Fax +39 045 6630513 – www. mekar. it – [email  protected] it config23 V10. 9 8. 3 E6 M Sheet 5/5

Perception of the African American Males

Perception of the African American males African Americans males are considered dangerous based on a false identity, misconceptions, and misinformation that are available in the media; this includes but is not limited to rap music, news, and TV shows. This misconception can be traced as far back as slavery. The perception of blacks’ males as being dangerous began when the slave came to America on 1619. Due to the situation of being treated as property, to be freely bought and sold, and that the owner was free to split up a couple or family at any time simply by selling some of his/her slaves. African slaves started to behave in a hostile manner. Because of their behavior the Caucasians immediately started to classify the slaves as being dangerous, and they need to be tame as if they were wild animals. This lead the slave masters to start putting chain and walking around with their rifles when they would be in the fields with them. As it was stated in ‘The Brut Caricature†, it portrays black men as innately savage, animalistic, destructive, and criminal; deserving punishment, and maybe death. Due to the negative influence and portrayals of African Americans males, these individuals are often misguided. The nature vs. nurture theory comes into play. I. e. Low income black males are predisposed to innate qualities, while behavioral traits are learned i. e. through the media. â€Å"Get Rich or Die Trying† is the mentality of most African American males with the help of the media. Most males see themselves as rap stars, sports stars, and or comedians. There is limited exposure of African American as doctors or lawyers at an early age its learned that their chance of success in life is limited. The men in the low income communities have the tendencies of wanting to become like the â€Å"white man†. The main problem is that they portray the idea of â€Å"get rich quick†. These perceptions cause them to turn into drugs, and from there into violence and crimes. According to a 2006 National Urban League report a third of black males will spend time in prison before their 35th birthday. This fact could be because of the high school dropouts and the poor understanding they get from society. Yes, I said the poor understanding from society, because black men are one of the least understood groups in our country. People don't look at the conditions that cause a lot of black men to be in the situations they're in today, they just look at the results. † According to my findings, among men, blacks (28. 5%) are about six times more likely than whites (4. 4%) to be admitted to prison during their life. I also noted that there are more black males in prison in America than are in college. (The Black and White of Justice, Freedom Magazine). Volume 28. Another consequence for African Americans it’s that the â€Å"monster† image given by the Caucasian people are carry by the poor African American people. According to Stallworth (early 1990’s) young black males continue to follow patterns of slavery times. Many fulfill white America’s image of them legitimately by becoming successful gangster rappers, others fulfill these image illegitimately by becoming â€Å"bad niggers† Rappers, therefore reinforce the popular belief that as â€Å"bad ass niggers† young black can achieve fame, recognition, and sense of being (somebody). If they lose, however, they can face a long stay in our jails and prisons or even bodily injury and death. Which it’s happening now days. Media and the African American Males According to the book ‘Black Demons’ there is a â€Å"black pathology† a fundamental weakness in African American families that can be traced to their experiences as slaves. The news media, for example, have taken the lead in equating young African American males with aggressiveness, lawlessness, and violence. Likewise, the entertainment media have eagerly taken their cue from the journalists, and these false images not only affect race relationship but also create a self felling prophecy for African American youngsters, whose limits of achievement can be determined for them by suggestions in the media. A common stereotype about African American men is that they are engage in drug abuse a disproportionate way which it’s not true because according to statistics from the US department of Health and Human services that although eight percent of African American males cocaine, eleven percent of whites have use the same drug. This is, however, not the impression that we get from watching the evening local news or even an episode of television program COPS. Blacks Stereotyped of Being Intellectually Inferior and Criminals. Another common negative stereotype, establishes the African American male as intellectually inferior. Studies directed by psychologist Claude Stale, indicate that African American teenagers are aware that they are stigmatized as being intellectually inferior and the go to school bearing what psychologist Claude has called a â€Å"burden of suspicion† Such burden can affect their attitudes and achievements. These shadows hang over stigmatized people no matter their status or accomplishments. These stigmas have the potential to roll them of their individually and debilitate their attempts to break out of the stereotypical roles. Blacks are the repository for the American fear of crime. Ask anyone, of any race, to picture a criminal and the image will have a black face. The linked between blackness and criminality it’s routinized by terms such a â€Å"black-on-black crimes† or â€Å"black crimes†. I also have to mention the ‘black brute stereotype arise in the early 1870’s. Such stereotype is one of the pictures white Americans have in their heads about black men: as savage, violent amazingly strong and not caring about right and wrong. Even today according to my findings , blacks are three times more likely to be physically threatened, harmed or killed because if their race than whites. So this idea of whites as peaceful and blacks ad threatening to white is not rooted in fact. It is rooted in something else. Yes, there are black men who are violent and savage, who do unspeakable things. But there are white men like that too. In either case they are hardly common enough to reasonably determine one’s ideas about the ordinary people of their race. Rap Music and its influence in African American males Rap music celebrates vulgarity. Indeed, it markets vulgarity; that is its product. It is the vulgar excesses of rap-the profanity, the over-sized jewelry, the naked acquisitiveness, the sexual aggressiveness-that are its hallmarks. New media attention on rap music seems obsessed on instances of violence at rap concerts, rap producers’ illegal use of musical samples, gangster raps’ lurid fanatics of cop killing, and female dismemberment, and Black Nationalist rappers suggestions that white peoples are devils disciples. It seems that rappers to notice the influence they have in people mostly African American people, and by say this type of things they send an incorrect message to their fanatics and other people in general. In most of the songs you can find a high level of aggravated language, images, and high crimes scenarios. . According to the authors of these songs, they just make it for the entertainment of their fans without thinking of the image they are given of their people and themselves. One question and many answers from our society I took the duty to find out the perception that common US citizens have towards African American males, by submitting a question on (answersyahoo. com) people from all around our country answered to my question. The following are the answers to my survey. †¢ People poisonous stereotypes the black males with the â€Å"5 Ds†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dumb, deprived, dangerous, deviant, and disturbed†. †¢ Lazy & uneducated †¢ Drug dealers †¢ Poor †¢ Hate other races †¢ They are dirty †¢ Loud, obnoxious, rude My Opinion For these reasons and many other African American males are consider dangerous for our society. But stop and think for a minute, are they all really dangerous or this is only a big misunderstanding? Can we judge them all as a whole, or there are some of them that can be excluded of being stereotyped as â€Å"dangerous†, â€Å"criminal†, etc? In my opinion we cannot judged them all as a whole and we should also try to understand the reasons behind their actions. We have to learn how to be open minded and see things from different perspectives. We also have to realize that not everything that we see and listen in the media is always the truth, there is always a second part of a story and most of the time we fail to look for that second part. African American behavior has been shaped by us (society) because of our mistreatment towards them and our racism†¦ I believe if we change the way we look at them and express about them, they will change their behavior and we no longer will have to use the statement of â€Å"dangerous† when referring to a African American male. Conclusion To conclude to this issue in question I just have to say ‘Black or white, God gave us the opportunity to succeed, and regardless of the situation we are dealt, we can all live the life we imagined. After s days of research I can’t say there is a wrong or right theory about African American males because everyone has their own way of thinking and their own opinion. But just to add ‘the world would be shocked to know that the majority of black men make the right choices and build successful families and careers every day in America, yet are rarely discussed in the headlines’. Bibliogaphy

Medicine Alone Cannot Stop the Spread of HIV/Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay

If the world was to be made a better place to live, then only two things stand on the way to that realization: abject poverty and disease. In fact, it is not surprising that the two are some the major concerns of the 21st century in many countries. The UN, in its part, identifies fighting HIV/Aids globally and abject poverty in third world countries as the roadmap to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2004, 46). However, the reality in the developing countries point to a glaring truth: the fight has a long way to go. Indeed, the present generation of the third world’s suffering masses inherited their misery from their predecessors, and there is a likelihood that they will pass on their woes to their children. In the fight against disease, it is apparent that HIV/Aids has claimed the priority previously given to malaria. In Africa, especially, most non-governmental organizations are involved in helping the continent grapple with its burden of Aids patients. Almost daily, the UN, The World Bank and donors from the developed west dispatch consignments of relief aid in the form of antiretroviral drugs to Africa to help Africa fight the pandemic. Regardless, it is becoming increasingly clear that in Africa, the world is collectively losing the war against HIV/Aids. Instead of decreasing, infections in most countries are increasing, while more and more people continue to die from HIV related complications. The present situation is a strong indication that the approach taken to fight the infection is not working. Much of the efforts are directed toward treating the problem, while ignoring a host of other factors which hinder successful containment of the disease. They include cultural practices, poor leadership, ignorance, grand official corruption as well as poverty. In sub-Saharan Africa, especially, these milestones undermine any efforts to fight the disease. In reference to the situation in sub-Saharan Africa, the paper argues that medicine alone cannot rid humanity of the Aids scourge. As far as HIV/Aids is concerned, all that medicine can do is treat symptoms, but not prevent its spread. In this regard, Aids continue to rampage because resources are directed towards addressing infection cases, while ignoring the factors that lead to more infections. Even if medicine was to completely cure the disease, new cases will always arise. Thus, the major weakness of a clinical approach to fighting HIV/Aids in sub-Saharan Africa is that it only tackles a fraction of the contributing factors, but attempts to help those already infected (McKee, et al, 2004, 297). Other than preventing mother-child infection during birth, medicine does little to address the Aids scourge in the wider context. While it targets victims, it doesn’t address the cultural and socio-economic factors that continue to add more victims to the fold. Surprisingly enough, most of these contributing factors have no medical dimension at all, leading to the conclusion that more than medicine alone can contain the Aids scare in sub-Saharan Africa. Poor leadership among Africa’s political class makes the fight against HIV/Aids a hopeless endeavor (Europa Publications, 2004, 25). Their lack of national vision ensures that pertinent issues related to the eradication of preventable diseases are ignored. As a result, poor policies are formulated, which are equally poorly implemented. It is strange that since 1979 when the first cases of the infection was diagnosed among gays in New York, USA, 30 years later, the scourge is hitting hardest thousands of miles away, where gay relationships are a taboo. On the contrary, the developed nations have successfully contained its spread, which had little to do with advanced medicine. The underlying fact is that medicine neither cures nor prevents one from contracting the viruses. It therefore follows that the efforts that led to the successful containment of the infection in the west had little to do with medicine. On the other hand, good governance and effective policies could be attributed to their success. In stark contrast, most sub-Sahara African countries have no clear policies on how to fight the scourge and prevent further infections. Related to poor governance is rampant corruption in government. The drive to fight Aids is largely funded by donor aid. However, management of the funds is left to the beneficiaries, whose lack of commitment to the cause makes them to divert resources meant to help victims. Over the years, corruption in Africa has evolved into a mafia-like cartel, with a wide network of connections through which finances are siphoned from public coffers. When corruption becomes a culture, as already it is in sub-Saharan Africa, resources meant for a national cause always find their way into private hands. It has been widely argued that Africa suffers not because of limited resources, but rather because those resources are misused to serve the interests of a few people. It s the same with resources meant to fight HIV/Aids. Regardless how much the World Bank and donors pump into Africa, the problem is going to persist as long as the corruption exists. The argument that Africans should be left to run their show on grounds of autonomy is guise to allow corrupt individuals in control. The hopelessness of the continent is the realization that donors must budget for the expenditure to the last coin, otherwise they should be willing to keep a constant cash-flow to sustain the greed of embezzlers. Cultural practices are the greatest obstacle in the war against the spread of HIV/Aids (Baxen and Breidlid, 2009, 33). In some parts of sub-Sahara African countries such as Kenya and Uganda, female circumcision is a common practice in most communities. In Kenya, for instance, genital mutilation is the pre-requisite to marriage, and as such, all girls must face the knife to get a husband. The practice is deeply rooted in the Maasai community, where girls are snatched from school to be circumcised before they are hurriedly married off. However, the greatest danger is not marriage, but rather the circumcision itself. It is not conducted by a doctor, but by a local midwife or herbalist, who knows little about sterilization and hygienic handling of incision instruments. Consequently, the initiates share one knife, thereby increasing chances of infection. Similarly, polygamy and wife inheritance practices is a great danger. Among the Luo tribe of Kenya, widows are inherited by their husband’s brothers, regardless the cause of death. It is through such practices that the pandemic spread rapidly in the community, wiping out whole families in quick successions. In Swaziland, the king himself is the trendsetter of polygamy. He holds the annual Dance of the Reeds, whose sole purpose is for King Mswati to choose an additional wife from among the virgin dancers. The political system of the country is monarchial, and the king has repeatedly managed to defeat dissenters and activists opposed to his excesses. Thus, if the very leaders who are supposed to give direction are lost in cultural practices that promote the spread of the virus, then no medicine will stop it from claiming the masses who look up to such leaders. Like in a battle, the folly of a general is the doom of a whole platoon. Now, Swaziland is a tiny country surrounded by S. Africa, whose president recently raised eyebrows (and nods of agreement among polygamists) when he took his fourth wife, who until then, properly speaking, was his concubine. Earlier on, he had surprised many when he agreed that he had lavished his sexual prowess on an HIV positive female friend, but calmed people’s fears that he had taken a shower immediately afterwards- to prevent infection. When such hogwash comes from a head of state, it reflects the pathetic situation of the whole nation. How can such a leader implement any effective policy, when he believes in myths and superstitious convictions? Therefore, the cure for Aids, ironically, is not medicine: it is changing the beliefs and attitudes of the people. There is nothing that blinds like ignorance. The West is free from the tentacles of the Aids scourge largely because their populations are literate, and aware of effective prevention measures. On the contrary, high illiteracy in sub-Saharan Africa has made many sufferers victims of ignorance (Coriat, 2008, 147). In fact, literacy levels reflect the socio-economic status of a population. The living conditions of most Africans is largely pegged on their level of education. In relation to HIV/Aids, lack of information due to the inability to read or write, exposes many people to situations where they could contract the virus without their knowledge. For instance, people share cutting objects such as razors, knives and needles; oblivious of the dangers to which they expose themselves. In addition, information about HIV/Aids is mostly available in foreign languages, which only a few, the educated ones, could understand. Thus, those who are illiterate, and who comprises the majority in sub-Saharan Africa, are denied access to information that could save their lives. Lastly, sub-Saharan Africa is staggering in abject poverty (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2004, 87). Poverty contributes to the spread of the infection as many young women engage in commercial sex to make ends meet. In most towns, the mushrooming of slums is attributed to the influx of jobseekers who come to make a living (Brower and Chalk, 2003, 40). However, Africa is generally characterized by high unemployment rates. Consequently, failure to secure a job leads many to slum life, and for most ladies, prostitution (Zichichi, et al, 2001, 627). The danger of prostitution is due to the fact that commercial sex workers do not choose their clients. As it were, they are picked, laid and paid, period. Even if their customers were infected, they can do little to protect themselves, since the ‘terms of engagement’ are determined by the amount the customer is willing to pay. If one decides not to use a condom, then the price is bigger to account for the risk involved. However, it is common knowledge that those who are aware of their positive status willingly infect others, and therefore could pay as much as they can afford to derive pleasure and, as a bonus, recruit one more victim into their society of the infected. In conclusion, the nature of the spread of HIV/Aids is much overwhelming, requiring more than medical intervention for its prevention. Many socio-cultural, political and economic factors contribute to its spread, which must be addressed to effectively contain the pandemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty, corruption in government, cultural practices such female circumcision, polygamy and wife inheritance, as well as poor leadership are responsible for the persistence of HIV/Aids. Thus, concentrating on medicine alone could is not going to save the masses from the incurable virus.

Organizational Chart Essay

Staff Training Crew Crew Members Crew Members Website Designers Website Designers Delivery Staff Delivery Staff Customer Service Customer Service Cleaners Cleaners An organisational chart shows the main parts of the organisation, and the relationship between the various parts. McDonalds’ organisational chart is hierarchal. It’s also tall because it has more than 3 levels. The reason why this is a tall structure is because McDonald’s is a big company with restaurants all over the world, so they need people in every country to make sure that the businesses is making profit and progress. Organisational structure Organisational structure set out important aspects of how communication will take place. For example: managers, supervisors and assistants would report to senior managers where they would report to board of directors. Also board of directors sets out the strategy, then senior managers are giving targets to staff that works in McDonald’s so they can achieve them. The purpose of organisational structure is to share the work so everyone knows what they are doing and to establish lines of control and communication. McDonald’s divided people into: managers, team leaders, staff training crew, cleaners, customer service, restaurant manager, etc. It helps to control organisational activities. Types of organisational structure: * Geographical area: McDonald’s has its restaurants all over the world. In order to make it work they had to hire people to run the business in every country that they operate. * Function: Span of control Span control is the amount of employees a manager has direct line authority over. Organisational chart- MacMillan Cancer Support

PROJECT PLAN AND REPORT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PROJECT PLAN AND REPORT - Coursework Example It was also recommended that while planning the project, optimum utilization of resources should be done, the timeline is strictly followed and part-timers are recruited, so that the recruitment cost is reduced. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Scope of the Project 7 Method of Collecting Information 7 Limitations 7 DEVELOPING AN ONLINE CHRISTMAS GIFT STORE 7 Project Objectives 7 Products 8 Resources Required 8 Strategy and Implementation 9 Stakeholder Analysis 10 Risk Analysis 11 Milestones 13 Conclusion 14 Recommendation 14 References 15 Appendices 16 Appendix 1 16 INTRODUCTION Background Project planning is the science and art of utilizing the historical data, personal expertise, organizational knowledge and the project scope to depict the resource expenditure, cost, and the duration of a project. It also includes the development of guidelines in order to ensure the service quality, response to unfavourable events and commencing with the inevitable changes in the plan prepared for the project. In order to arrive at the estimated duration and cost of the project, the project manager identifies the numerous physical elements and activities that are necessary to meet the objectives of the project (Rad, and Anantatmula, 2005, p. 1). On the basis of this information the project manager estimates the requirements of the resources and the time length of the project. However, the estimation of the resources is done along with their cost estimation, as it is a valuable piece of information for the project team. The estimates of the resource are reduced to the cost. This is because total cost is more important information for the client. The project manager then finally computes the costs and completes the total estimation of the report (Haugan, 2002, p. 4-5). There are many different steps or stages through which a project passes to its completion or closure. Those set of stage would be described in this study through the development o f an online Christmas gift store. Since Christmas gifts are sold before and during Christmas, so this online store opening, launching and operations can be considered a project, which would be described in detail based on the phases that would be described here. The different phases or stages in a project plan are: Defining: Before initiating the project the project manager should determine the goals of the project, ascertain the scopes, risks, budget, cost, timescale, and approach. It should also be communicated to the stakeholders of the company, and the difference in opinions should be resolved in the initial stage. Planning: Planning is very important part of any project plan. While creating the project plan, the first task that is undertaken by the project manager and his team is planning the stages and the minute details in the project. Executing: In this stage the project manager and his/her team would be executing or implementing the pre decided activities for the completion of the project on time and according to the design. Monitoring: After implementing the step wise project operations, the manager has to monitor whether the implementation has been done according to the framework designed or not. Controlling: Controlling ensures that the plans have been followed according to the stages decided and set by the project team. Closure: Once all the tasks are complete in the

The Costco Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Costco Case - Assignment Example In an industry where competition is stiff, an organization need to develop strategies that would enhance its position in the marketing by attracting more customers. The competitors here are sure employing several strategies such as pricing in an attempt to develop a competitive edge and be the market leader. Yes, all these three club rivals-Costco, Sam’s and BJ’s wholesale have high similar strategies. They both sell their products at very low prices to attract customers, offer a variety of products from which customers can choose from, have a strong emphasis on low operating costs, all use cross-docking technique to reduce the operational cost and to guarantee that the products reach the stores and the customers in good time and all the stores ensure quality products to their customers. All also ensure that they offer quality to execute, quality merchandise and superior shopping experience to all their customers and members in the wholesale club industry. However, there are some different in their strategies of the BJ’s that are apparent. BJ’s ensures that it stocks a broader product assortment than Sam’s club and the Costco club, it also offers its products in some smaller package sizes that are easier for its customers to carry home and store conveniently compared to the other two clubs, it is the only club that accept manufacturing coupon which provides added value to its customers, and it also allows its customers to purchase various products online through their website if such products are not found in the companies warehouse club. Therefore, BJ’s appears to have a better strategy than the other two rivals. On the other hand, Sam’s strategies appear to be some weak compared to the other two competitors. Its strategy seems to follow the market trend. It does not have any unique strategies for its products but responds to the

Assessing the Different Types of Derivatives Essay

Assessing the Different Types of Derivatives - Essay Example The major classes of derivatives are Futures/Forwards which are contracts to buy or sell an asset at a specified future date, Optionals which are contracts that give a holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a specified future date and Swappings where the two parties agree to exchange cash flows. Derivatives are often subject to criticisms such as large losses, counter-party risk, and unsuitably high amount of risk for small or inexperienced investors, large notional value and leverage of debt in the economy. In spite of these it has huge advantages such as facilitating the buying and selling of risk thus having a positive impact on the economic system. As former Federal Reserve Board chairman Alan Greenspan commented in 2003 the use of derivatives has softened the impact of the economic downturn at the beginning of the 21st century. In this paper the pros and cons and the circumstances under which derivatives such as forward contracts, future contracts, spot contracts, call opti ons, hedging, interest rates swaps, currency swaps and credit swaps are used, are discussed.(Note: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Derivative(finance)) Forward Contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset (which can be of any kind) at a pre-agreed future point in time.As suggested by the International Journal of Sheep and Wool Science, volume 55(2007), results suggest that income stabilization and price risk management were the two major pros of the forward contract method although these were strongly overshadowed by the list of cons: pricing, complexity, dominance of the auction system and production risks. Allaz and Vila (1993) suggest that there is a strategic reason (in an imperfect competitive environment) for the existence of forward trading, that is, forward trading can be used even in a world without uncertainty In finance, a futures contract is a